Nepolian Bonapart

Napoleon For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation) . Napoleon I The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries , by Jacques-Louis David , 1812 Emperor of the French Reign 18 May 1804 – 11 April 1814 20 March 1815 – 22 June 1815 Coronation 2 December 1804 Predecessor None (himself as First Consul of the French First Republic ; previous ruling monarch was Louis XVI ) Successor Louis XVIII ( de jure in 1814) King of Italy Reign 17 March 1805 – 11 April 1814 Coronation 26 May 1805 Predecessor None (himself as President of the Italian Republic ; previous ruling monarch was Emperor Charles V ) Successor None (kingdom disbanded, next king of Italy was Victor Emmanuel II ) Spouse Joséphine de Beauharnais Marie Louise of Austria Issue Napoleon II Full name Napoleon Bonaparte House House of Bonaparte Father Carlo Buonaparte Mother Letizia Ramolino Born 15 August 1769 Ajaccio , Corsica, France Died 5 May 1821 (aged 51) Longwood, Saint Helena Burial Les Invalides , Paris, France Signature Religion Roman Catholicism (see Napoleon and religions ) Imperial Standard of Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ( French : Napoléon Bonaparte [napoleɔ̃ bɔnɑpaʁt] ) (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. As Napoleon I , he was Emperor of theFrench from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code , has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in thewars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars . He established hegemony overmost of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime . Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time, and his campaigns are studied at military academies throughout much of the world. [ 1 ] Napoleon was born at Ajaccio in Corsica to parents of noble Italian ancestry. He trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France. He led a successful invasion ofthe Italian peninsula. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état and installed himself as First Consul ; five years later the French Senate proclaimed him emperor. In the first decade of the 19th century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflicts—the Napoleonic Wars—that involved every major European power. [ 1 ] After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant position in continental Europe, and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as French client states . The Peninsular War and 1812 French invasion of Russia marked turning points in Napoleon's fortunes. His Grande Armée was badly damaged inthe campaign and never fully recovered. In 1813, the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig ; the following year the Coalition invaded France, forced Napoleon to abdicate and exiled him to the island of Elba . Less than a year later, he escaped Elba and returned topower, but was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent the last six years of his life in confinement by the British on the island of Saint Helena . An autopsy concluded he died of stomach cancer . There has been debate about his death, as some scholars have held that he was a victim of arsenic poisoning. Origins and education